Constipation and other gastrointestinal (GI) issues are common among autistic people. However, medical treatments and a high fiber diet can help people manage constipation.
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a developmental and neurological condition that affects how a person behaves, learns, communicates, and interacts with others.
Research has found strong links between autism and various GI issues, such as constipation. Treating constipation in autistic people, especially children, can be challenging. However, there are several ways in which individuals can manage constipation.
According to research from 2021, constipation is four times more prevalent in autistic children than in children without ASD.
Other research from the same year also notes that medical comorbidities (co-occurring conditions) are more common in autistic children, with 46 to 84% experiencing GI issues and conditions.
A 2015 review shows that there are strong links between mitochondrial dysfunction, microbiome abnormalities in the gut, and GI issues related to ASD.
People sometimes refer to mitochondria, which
It is clear that GI disorders are among the most common medical comorbidities among autistic people. However, these issues often go undiagnosed. Undiagnosed and untreated GI issues can lead to other distressing issues, such as problems with sleep, behavioral issues, and psychiatric conditions.
Scientists do not know the exact reason for the high level of comorbidity among autism and GI disorders. However, certain behavioral factors may contribute to constipation and other GI issues in autistic people.
Food selectivity
Food selectivity is when a child has a limited dietary range and aversions to certain food types or brands or foods with particular:
- textures
- tastes
- colors
Food selectivity is typically more prevalent and enduring in autistic children. Autism may also co-occur with avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder (ARFID), a mental health condition that involves clinically significant food selectivity. ARFID can negatively affect psychosocial functioning and overall health.
Diets that are low in fiber and high in simple fats and carbohydrates may exacerbate GI issues, such as constipation.
Other behaviors
Autistic people often show an altered response to stress.
Research has shown that connections exist between lower GI symptoms and the following:
- anxiety
- sensory over-responsivity
- altered hormonal and psychophysiological (mind-body) responses to stress-inducing stimuli
Internalizing symptoms that are common with autism, such as depression and anxiety, can also have an association with GI symptoms.
Additionally, rigid compulsive behaviors and sleep issues, which autistic people often experience, can link with GI issues, especially constipation.
Typical treatments for constipation, such as diet changes, may not be as effective for autistic people. Treatment may need to involve a combination of nutritional recommendations and behavioral-based changes.
In children
Autistic children may be more likely to need treatment at an emergency room for constipation-related complications than children without autism. Research shows that chronic constipation can increase the risk of complications, such as bowel obstruction.
Extra toilet training with an occupational therapist or other pediatric expert or child mental health professional may be useful in helping autistic children. This training can reinforce healthy toilet habits, such as pooping and peeing when the urge arises.
Food-related behavioral training may also help address certain behaviors that can increase the risk of constipation. These behaviors may include having meal time and bathroom routines, trying fiber-rich foods, and adding supplements.
In adults
In autistic adults, treating constipation directly with both medical and natural remedies can help.
Lifestyle changes can also help manage constipation in autistic adults. These changes may include:
- increasing water intake
- eating more high fiber foods
- getting regular exercise
- practicing bowel training
Autism resources
Visit our dedicated hub for more research-backed information and in-depth resources on autism.
There are strong links between autism and constipation. Autistic children are generally far more likely to experience constipation and other GI issues than those without autism.
Scientists do not yet understand the exact connection between autism and GI issues. However, certain behaviors related to autism, such as food selectivity, can increase the risk of constipation.
It is best for individuals who are experiencing constipation or who care for an autistic child who is experiencing this issue to speak with a healthcare professional.
